In 1833, Polish newspapers reported on the bewildering phenomenon of Jews leaving that country by the thousands. Their destination? Palestine. Archival research reveal a large-scale Jewish migration to Israel that took place before what is known as the First Aliyah in 1881. "The Return to Jerusalem." (Shalem Press, 2006, Hebrew) It shatters the prevailing myth that Zionism is a late 19th century movement fashioned after other nationalist groups of that time.